Physical Science

Winter is on its way and soon many a bored child will be looking for activities to occupy the many hours they will spend indoors hiding form Jack Frost. Nearly every child likes to pretend that they are a secret…
Read more

Green chemistry is dedicated to a series of ideas.  Pollutants should be minimized.  Whenever possible, toxicity should be avoided.  “Feedstocks” (precursor materials / chemicals) should be cheap and readily available.  The finished product should be comparable to current items on…
Read more

The element praseodymium is a member of the rare earth elements and one of the lanthanides. It is one of the most refractory substances known. Its atomic number is 59 and its symbol is Pr. It was discovered in 1885…
Read more

A jet engine in an aircraft is subjected to very harsh conditions during operation, including high temperatures, vibrations, and mechanical stresses.  In order to withstand these environmental effects, jet engine components have to be manufactured using specific materials and alloys. …
Read more

Chemical engineering deals with physical science, life science, and math. It is the process of converting raw chemicals and materials into more useful forms. Chemical engineering not only deals with converting materials, they also strive for new material and techniques…
Read more

Hydrogen has 1 electron in its valence shell, while oxygen has six, this gives hydrogen one bonding spot and oxygen two bonding spots so the two elements are always combined in a two to one ratio in a bent molecule that…
Read more

Carl Edward Sagan was an American astronomer, educator, and author who was born November 9, 1934 and died December 20, 1996 after an intense battle against bone marrow cancer. He is most popularly known simply as Carl Sagan and he…
Read more

Soap as well known is used for cleaning. There are liquid as well as solid forms of soap. However both forms have the same principle of action. All compounds and materials that are available synthetically or naturally can be divided…
Read more

Space exploration began centuries ago if you take the telescope as the standard of measurement. It began thousands of years ago, if you base it on man’s vision as he explored the heavens and looked to the stars for guiding…
Read more

A chemical reaction involves bond breaking and bond formation. In order to understand a chemical reaction, one needs to understand the meaning of a chemical bond. As an example we take the hydrogen molecule.  This molecule is stable enough to…
Read more