The avian flu, also known as the bird flu, is a form of influenza that naturally exists among wild birds in their intestines, but makes domesticated birds very ill. The high pathogenic form causes 90 to 100 percent mortality in birds, states the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The risk of human infection from avian flu is low; yet, the CDC reports a small number of outbreaks since 1997. A person in direct contact with poultry, or with poultry feces is at higher risk of being diagnosed with avian flu. The Mayo Clinic reports symptoms generally begin within two to five days of infection. Diagnosing bird flu is based on symptoms, as well as laboratory testing.
Flu-like Symptoms
General flu-like symptoms are common. Headache, body aches, and sore throat are general signs. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a high fever is a frequent symptom.The bird flu causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in some patients. Stool is watery, but without the presence of blood, reports WHO.
Lower Respiratory Infection
Many patients diagnosed with avian flu seek treatment due to signs of a lower respiratory tract infection, according to WHO. Difficulty breathing appears around the fifth day following the initial outbreak of symptoms. Respiratory distress, crackled or rough voice are common. Bloody sputum and thick respiratory secretions may be seen. Nearly all patients diagnosed with avian flu develop pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs. Common symptoms associated with pneumonia include chest pain increasing when inhaling, muscle pain and chills, and shortness of breath.
Conjunctivitis
The Mayo Clinic reports that some people may experience conjunctivitis. The symptom may be the only sign of an avian flu infection. The conjunctiva is the clear membrane covering the eye. An infection causes the conjunctiva’s veins to appear pink or red in color. Secretions or drainage from the eye may be visible. The eye may itch, appear teary or have a gritty feeling. The infection is commonly referred to as “pink eye.” A 2005 article published in “Lancet Infectious Diseases” reports the some strains of the avian flu practice viral tropism. Viral tropism is when a virus prefers to attack a specific organ.
