Overview
Abnormal eye pressure is also referred to as an increase in intraocular pressure or ocular hypertension. According to the International Glaucoma Association’s Information Service, increased pressure in the eye multiplies a person’s risk for developing glaucoma. The American Optometric Association states ocular hypertension can occur at any age.
Causes
According to the International Glaucoma Association, the liquid contained within the eye and its structures should be able to flow freely. If any part of the drainage network around the eye becomes clogged or the flow of fluid is restricted, the pressure in the eye can rise.
Risk Factors
The International Glaucoma Association states certain people may be at risk for developing abnormal eye pressure. Risk factors include being age 40 or older, being of African-Caribbean descent, having a family history of glaucoma and having diabetes. The American Optometric Association attests very near-sighted patients are also at an increased risk.
Diagnosis
Abnormal eye pressure can go unnoticed without any signs and symptoms, according to the American Optometric Association. A doctor of optometry needs to check the pressure of the eye with an instrument called a tonometer and assess for other structural damage within the eye. The International Glaucoma Association suggests anyone at risk should have a complete eye examination ever year or two. African-Caribbean people should have the pressure in their eyes checked yearly starting at the age of 30. If high pressure is present, an ophthalmoscopy, or examination of the optic disc, and a perimetry test, which measures the field of vision, will be completed.
Complications
A diagnosis of abnormal pressure in the eye can lead to a disorder known as glaucoma. According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, glaucoma has no cure and is the No. 1 cause of blindness. The loss of vision is because of damage caused to the optic nerve. The International Glaucoma Association attests abnormal eye pressure does not cause injury to the eye. It is the development of glaucoma that can increase changes of vision impairment.
Treatment
The American Optometric Association states there is no cure for ocular hypertension, but with close monitoring and appropriate treatment, eye damage can be controlled. According to the International Glaucoma Association, abnormal eye pressure is usually treated with prescription eye drops that either decrease the amount of fluid in the eye or increase the fluid drainage process.
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